Effect of Smoking on Nausea, Vomiting and Pain in the Post-operative Period
نویسندگان
چکیده
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain are among the major concerns for patients presenting for surgery. These are the limiting factors in the early discharge of patients after surgery and are marked as the leading cause of unanticipated hospital stay. They can lead to increased recovery room time, extended nursing care, and potential hospital admission—all factors that may increase total health care costs. Equally important are the high levels of patient discomfort and dissatisfaction associated with these complaints.
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